Design of Frequency Divider (FD/2 and FD 2/3) Circuits for a Phase Locked Loop

This paper reports on three design of Frequency Divider (FD/2) and Frequency Divider (FD 2/3) circuits. Tanner EDA tool developed on 130nm CMOS technology with a voltage supply of 1.3 V is used to build, model, and compare all circuits. For the FD/2 circuit, E-TSPC Pass Transistor logic uses 1.77 µW, whereas TSPC logic consumes 5.57 µW for the FD 2/3 circuit. It implies that the TSPC logic is the best solution since it meets the speed and power consumption requirements

Ideological Interaction Theory in Critical Discourse Analysis

Cultural and ideological references in critical discourse analysis aim at reframing decisions with exploring the cultural as well as ideological perspectives of the familiar and idiosyncratic styles. The chapter focuses on the development of the ideological interaction theory for connecting the discourse with language and personal thought. The concern criteria are ideology and the other social components like people, status, economy, media, and politics with their connectivity to the global situational trends. Therefore, the chapter surveys the personal traits as psychology, sociological surrounding, and cognitive efforts for the development of social as well as cultural interaction with the perspectives of individual influences

Post-Covid Ideology and Dimensions in Language Teaching

The chapter entitled Post-Covid Ideology and Dimensions in Language Teaching aims to explore the possible educational intervention in post-covid classrooms. It focuses on the role of teachers, stakeholders, curriculum, and technologies in the field of language teaching in the new-normal classroom situation after the Covid-19 pandemic. The chapter reviews the cultural and linguistic ideology of community developed as a possible way out in the new learning situation in the context of Nepal. Additionally, it discusses the paradigm shift in teaching-learning ideologies from the theoretical to practical perspectives for language teaching